Flat foot is a condition where the arch on the inside of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole to touch the ground. It can affect people of all ages, from children whose arches haven’t developed yet to adults experiencing arch collapse due to various factors. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and the right treatment of flat foot is essential for maintaining foot health and mobility.
Causes of Flat Foot
Flat foot can develop due to several reasons, including:
- Genetic predisposition where arches never fully develop.
- Injuries that weaken the foot’s supportive tendons.
- Aging, which leads to wear and tear of foot structures.
- Medical conditions like diabetes, arthritis, or obesity.
Types of Flat Foot
Flat foot can be classified into two main types:
- Flexible Flat Foot: The arch appears when the foot is lifted but collapses when weight is applied.
- Rigid Flat Foot: The arch remains absent whether weight is applied or not, often leading to stiffness and discomfort.
Symptoms of Flat Foot
While some people with flat feet experience no symptoms, others may develop:
- Pain in the arch, heel, ankle, or along the foot’s outer edge.
- Swelling and tenderness along the inside of the foot.
- Ankle instability or inward turning.
- Difficulty in walking or standing for extended periods.
Treatment of Flat Foot
The treatment of flat foot depends on the severity of symptoms and whether it affects mobility or daily activities. The options include:
Non-Surgical Treatments
For mild to moderate cases, conservative approaches can relieve pain and prevent worsening of the condition:
- Orthotic Inserts: Specially designed shoe inserts provide arch support and alleviate discomfort.
- Supportive Footwear: Choosing well-fitted shoes with firm arch support helps improve alignment.
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises can enhance foot flexibility and reduce pain.
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the feet.
- Bracing: A foot or ankle brace can provide additional support for those with severe symptoms.
Surgical Treatment
If non-surgical treatments fail, surgery may be necessary to correct the condition. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the flat foot deformity and may include:
- Tendon Repair or Transfer: Strengthens and supports the arch.
- Bone Realignment (Osteotomy): Reshapes and corrects the foot structure.
- Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis): Fuses affected joints to stabilize the foot.
Recovery and Long-Term Care
Recovery from flat foot surgery may take several weeks or months, requiring immobilization with a cast or brace. To prevent recurrence, patients should:
- Continue wearing orthotic support.
- Follow a prescribed physical therapy plan.
- Choose appropriate footwear for daily use.
If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of flat foot, consulting a specialist is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Expert Care by Dr. Chandan Narang
Dr. Chandan Narang specializes in foot and ankle conditions, offering expert solutions for the treatment of flat foot. For personalized care and effective treatment options, book an appointment with Dr. Chandan Narang today.
