Ankle fractures are a common injury affecting both adults and children, often resulting from accidents or high-impact activities. The ankle joint, composed of the tibia, fibula, and talus, is crucial for mobility and stability. Ankle fractures can be particularly painful and disruptive, requiring timely and effective treatment to ensure proper recovery and prevent long-term complications.
Causes and Symptoms of Ankle Fractures
Ankle fractures typically occur due to excessive twisting or rolling of the ankle, which can happen during falls, sports, or sudden stress on the joint. Symptoms of an ankle fracture include immediate pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the ankle. In severe cases, a deformity might be visible, where the bone protrudes through the skin, known as a compound or open fracture.
Types of Ankle Fractures
Ankle fractures are classified based on the location and type of bone involved:
Lateral Malleolus Fracture: This involves the outer part of the ankle.
Medial Malleolus Fracture: This affects the inner part of the ankle.
Posterior Malleolus Fracture: This includes the bony hump of the tibia.
Bimalleolar Fracture: Both the lateral and medial malleolus bones are fractured.
Trimalleolar Fracture: All three bones—lateral, medial, and posterior—are fractured.
Syndesmotic Injury: Often referred to as a high ankle sprain, it may not be a fracture but can be treated similarly.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing an ankle fracture involves a physical examination, followed by X-rays and possibly a CT scan or MRI for detailed imaging. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for differentiating between fractures and other conditions like sprains or tendon injuries.
Treatment varies depending on the severity of the fracture. Non-surgical methods involve realigning the bone and using a splint or plaster cast for 2-3 weeks. For more severe fractures, surgical intervention may be necessary. This involves making an incision to realign the bones and using plates and screws for stabilization, followed by immobilization with a cast or splint.
Post-Operative Care and Recovery
Post-operative care includes avoiding weight-bearing on the affected ankle, often using crutches or a knee scooter for support. Physical therapy is typically recommended to restore mobility and strength. Most patients can return to their normal activities after 2-3 months of therapy.
Risks and Complications
Ankle fractures can lead to complications such as improper casting, bone misalignment, or nerve damage, which might require additional surgery. Ensuring proper treatment and follow-up care helps minimize these risks and promotes a successful recovery.
For expert care in managing and treating foot and ankle injuries, Dr Chandan Narang is a highly regarded foot and ankle surgeon. With his extensive experience as a foot and ankle specialist, Dr Narang provides comprehensive care for both adults and children dealing with ankle fractures. To schedule an appointment or learn more about treatment options, contact Dr Chandan Narang today.
